A1
LiveGeorgian grammar · A1
(ვ-) + stem + (-ს / -თ / -ენ)
How ordinary verbs change for each person
In English, a verb barely changes: "I live", "you live", only "he lives" gets an ending. A Georgian verb changes for every person, using small person markers at the start or end of the word: ვ- at the start for "I" and "we," -ს at the end for "he/she," -თ for "we" and "you all," and -ენ for "they." "You" (one person) has no marker at all — it's just the bare stem.
"We" uses two markers
In ვცხოვრობთ both markers work together: ვ- says "I/we," and -თ adds "more than one." Because the verb already shows who's acting, the pronoun (მე, შენ…) is often left out.
Present tense
| I | ვცხოვრობ |
|---|---|
| you | ცხოვრობ |
| he / she | ცხოვრობს |
| we | ვცხოვრობთ |
| you all | ცხოვრობთ |
| they | ცხოვრობენ |
Examples
- მე თბილისში ვცხოვრობ./me tbilisshi vtskhovrob./I live in Tbilisi.I · in Tbilisi · live
- ის ბათუმში ცხოვრობს./is batumshi tskhovrobs./He lives in Batumi.he · in Batumi · lives
- ჩვენ აქ ვცხოვრობთ./chven ak vtskhovrobt./We live here.we · here · live
- სად ცხოვრობენ შენი მშობლები?/sad tskhovroben sheni mshoblebi?/Where do your parents live?where · live · your · parents