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A1

To be and to haveGeorgian grammar · A1

who + what + form of "to be"

The verb "to be"

Like English, Georgian needs "to be": მე სტუდენტი ვარ — "I student am." The verb goes at the end, and it uses the person markers from "Live": ვ- for "I/we," -თ for more than one.

The short "-ა"

In everyday speech არის ("is") often shrinks to -ა and sticks to the word before it, much like English "it is" → "it's": წიგნი მაგიდაზე არის → წიგნი მაგიდაზეა.

The verb "to have"

Georgian doesn't say "I have a car." It says "to me there is a car": the owner is shown by a "to whom" marker at the start of the verb — მ- "to me," გ- "to you," გვ- "to us." "To him/her" has no marker — just აქვს. You'll meet the same "to whom" markers again in "Want" and "Like".

"To be"

Iვარ
youხარ
he / sheარის
weვართ
you allხართ
theyარიან

"To have"

Iმაქვს
youგაქვს
he / sheაქვს
weგვაქვს
you allგაქვთ
theyაქვთ

Examples

  • მე სტუდენტი ვარ./me st'udent'i var./I am a student.I · student · am
  • ჩვენ მეგობრები ვართ./chven megobrebi vart./We are friends.we · friends · are
  • მე მანქანა მაქვს./me mankana makvs./I have a car.to-me · car · there-is
  • წიგნი მაგიდაზეა./ts'igni magidazea./The book is on the table.book · on table (is)